VlsE Antibody
Rabbit Polyclonal
2 References
200-401-C33S
200-401-C33
25 µL
100 µg
Liquid (sterile filtered)
Lyophilized
WB, ELISA
Borrelia burgdorferi
Rabbit
Shipping info:
$50.00 to US & $70.00 to Canada for most products. Final costs are calculated at checkout.
Product Details
Anti-VlsE (RABBIT) Antibody - 200-401-C33
rabbit anti-VlsE Antibody, Outer surface protein VlsE, Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE, vlsE protein
Rabbit
Polyclonal
IgG
Target Details
vlsE - View All vlsE Products
Borrelia burgdorferi
Recombinant Protein
MBP recombinant protein corresponding to Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE protein.
This product was Protein-A purified and cross-adsorbed against MBP from monospecific antiserum by chromatography. This antibody is specific for Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE protein. A BLAST analysis was used to suggest reactivity with VlsE from B. burgdorferi sources based on 100% homology with the immunizing sequence. Cross-reactivity with VlsE from other sources has not been determined.
Application Details
ELISA, WB
Anti-VlsE antibody has been tested in ELISA and Western Blot. Specific conditions for reactivity should be optimized by the end user. Expect a band at ~36.3 kDa in size corresponding to VlsE by Western blotting in the appropriate cell lysate or extract.
Formulation
1.0 mg/mL by UV absorbance at 280 nm
0.02 M Potassium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, pH 7.2
0.01% (w/v) Sodium Azide
None
100 µL
Restore with deionized water (or equivalent)
Shipping & Handling
Ambient
Store vial at 4° C prior to restoration. For extended storage aliquot contents and freeze at -20° C or below. Avoid cycles of freezing and thawing. Centrifuge product if not completely clear after standing at room temperature. This product is stable for several weeks at 4° C as an undiluted liquid. Dilute only prior to immediate use.
Expiration date is one (1) year from date of receipt.
Variable Lipoprotein Surface-Exposed protein, or VlsE, is a lipoprotein on the surface of the Lyme Disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, detectable during all its life stages. It can exist as many different isoforms. VlsE has variable regions (VRs) and invariable regions (IRs). Some IRs are anchored in the outer membrane of the bacteria and some are antigens exposed on the membrane surface. Replacement of the VR by Borrelia within days of being transferred to a mammalian host presents new surface antigens to the host immune system, and helps Borrelia avoid a strong reaction by host immune systems. The VlsE is apparently not modified as much in the tick or in the rodent vector, when compared to in the mammal host. Several putative envelope proteins of B. burgdorferi appear to be expressed only in the infected mammalian host. The VRs are antigenic, irregularly shaped loops on the bacterial surface which may help to hide both membrane-incorporated and surface portions of adjacent proteins from immune cells. These VR loops are coded by antigenic cassettes. The protein loops can therefore be switched in or out of the protein, or different type loops traded. In B. burgdorferi there seem to be at least fifteen different VlsE cassettes that can insert into any of the variable regions of VlsE, allowing it to appear as millions of different antigens. Similar, but smaller, systems also operate for OSP-A, OSP-B, OSP-C, and other proteins. Some current research involves determination of control of cassette activation. One IR region, C6, of the VlsE protein, consistently stimulates a strong immune response. Its presentation may be a decoy that misdirects the immune system from less protected sites by causing competition for binding antibodies. The bound antibodies are thus not available for binding important therapeutic proteins. This may help Borrelia to enter T-cells, leading to their destruction. Because IR6 is invariable and found in all life stages of B. burgdorferi, it has been used in an ELISA diagnostic test for early IgM of Lyme Disease.
Tan X et al. (2022). VlsE, the nexus for antigenic variation of the Lyme disease spirochete, also mediates early bacterial attachment to the host microvasculature under shear force. PloS Pathogens
Applications
EIA, ELISA; SPR-Based Analyses
Lone A et al. (2020). The Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE Lipoprotein Prevents Antibody Binding to an Arthritis-Related Surface Antigen. Cell Rep.
Applications
WB, IB, PCA
This product is for research use only and is not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic applications. Please contact a technical service representative for more information. All products of animal origin manufactured by Rockland Immunochemicals are derived from starting materials of North American origin. Collection was performed in United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) inspected facilities and all materials have been inspected and certified to be free of disease and suitable for exportation. All properties listed are typical characteristics and are not specifications. All suggestions and data are offered in good faith but without guarantee as conditions and methods of use of our products are beyond our control. All claims must be made within 30 days following the date of delivery. The prospective user must determine the suitability of our materials before adopting them on a commercial scale. Suggested uses of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license under any patent of Rockland Immunochemicals, Inc. If you require a commercial license to use this material and do not have one, then return this material, unopened to: Rockland Inc., P.O. BOX 5199, Limerick, Pennsylvania, USA.